Hydrogen atoms and one oxegyn atom
Since it has no nucleus it's most likely a<u><em> prokaryote</em></u>
Epithelial tissue mainly...but you can say statified epithelial tissue
Transformation is the process by which one strain of bacteria is apparently changed into another strain.
Enzymes can be denatured by:
1) pH Levels
2) Temperature levels
3) Enzyme inhibitor Presence
4) Substrate Concentration
Hope this helps!
