Answer:
A frameshift changes every codon past it. A base substitution only changes one codon.
Explanation:
DNA is comprised of nucleotides (A, C, T, G) that make up amino acids. Every three bases is called a codon and represents an amino acid.
In a frameshift mutation, a nucleotide is either added or deleted from the sequence. This offsets the entire sequence after it because the reading frame shifts. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
If another T is added in between the first and second codons, then every codon after will be changed.
ACT>T<GCTATCGTCATC
A substitution mutation is usually less severe, as it only alters one codon in the sequence. These occur when one nucleotide is replaced by another one. Here's an example:
ACTGCTATCGTCATC
Let's say the first G is replaced by a T.
ACT>T<CTATCGTCATC
As you can see, none of the other codons changed.
Typically, a frameshift mutation is considered worse than a substitution mutation.
Hi, you've asked an Incomplete question. However, I provided a brief about cell theory.
<u>Explanation:</u>
The cell theory basically states that all living things are made of cells and that the cell is <u>the basic unit of life.</u> Robert Hooke, who was a Scientist is known to have originated (coined) the term “cell” in the year 1665.
Basic Facts about Cell theory:
- the basic unit of life is the cell
- all living things have one or more cells.
- already existing cells produce all new cells.
Fatty acids only
Acetyl coenzyme A is a biological molecule that is used in biochemical reactions. These biochemical reactions include the breakdown or hydrolysis of protein, carbohydrates and lipid molecules. The hydrolysis of these molecules in the presence of acetyl CoA produces energy and its primary function is fatty acid metabolism.
1. The answer is "<span>the energy required to start the reaction".
</span>This energy is called as activation energy of the reaction. If the activation
energy is high, reaction is slow. Enzymes help to carry out the reaction by
a new path by reducing the activation energy. But the energy of reactants
and the products remain as same as without enzyme.
2. The answer is "reaction in cells would be too slow to sustain life<span>".
</span>If the activation energy is very high for the reaction, then that reaction will
be very slow and will require more time<span> to complete the reaction. Then survival is
very low. Hence, the roll of enzymes is very important to sustain life.</span>
