Answer:
(1) war as an instrument of foreign policy
Explanation:
Josiah Quincy: China and Russia (1900)
When the Boxer Rebellion erupted against the presence of foreign nations on Chinese soil, England, France, Germany, Russia,
and the United States dispatched a rescue expedition (including 2,500 American troops) to protect their citizens living in China.
Fearing that some of the competing Western powers might take advantage of the volatile situation to seize Chinese territory,
Hay decided to expand America's commitment to China to include the preservation of Chinese territorial and administrative
integrity as well as commercial equality. He failed to realize the long-range significance of such a commitment. In 1900 Josiah
Quincy, formerly first assistant United States secretary of state, criticized Hay and McKinley for committing the United States
to policies it could not enforce.