Answer:
2.modal tonality
Explanation:
Modal music is characterized by the importance given to the combinations between the notes and their particular sound results. According to the function and the sung text, the composer uses a different scalar mode. The basis of modal music is melodic composition, whether in a monody (a single melody) or in a polyphony (more than one melody, simultaneously). Modal music was already made in ancient Greece, where each mode represented a state of mind, in what was known as Ethos of the modes. It has also been used by diverse cultures throughout history. It was also the basis of ecclesiastical music in the Middle Ages. Even with the appearance of the tonal system, modal music remained, above all, in popular and folkloric manifestations, being also used as a musical "spice" in tonal compositions. From romanticism, interest in modal music in concert music was resumed. Several composers from that period, like Johannes Brahms, used modalism. Impressionist composers also used modal music in their compositions. Still in concert music, modal music also plays an important role in the work of nationalist composers such as Béla Bartok and Zoltán Kodály (Hungary); Guerra-Peixe, Radamés Gnattali and Villa-Lobos (Brazil). Since it presents a defined tonality, modal music cannot be considered atonal, since the term atonal music designates a deliberate break with the tonal system, initiated, especially in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
