Evolution refers to which of the following?

What is a ligand? what do ligands have to do with receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Volgvan

In biochemistry, aligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve abiological purpose. In protein-ligandbinding, the ligand is usually a molecule which produces a signal by binding to a site on a target protein.

Receptor mediated endocytosis is an endocytotic mechanism in which specific molecules are ingested into the cell. The specificity results from a receptor-ligand interaction. Receptors on the plasma membrane of the target tissue will specifically bind to ligands on the outside of the cell. An endocytotic process occurs and the ligand is ingested.

A very well studied example of receptor mediated endocytosis involves the metabolism of cholesterol.

8 0

4 years ago

_ means that the conditioned stimulus (CS) must not only precede the unconditioned stimulus (US) closely in time, but it must al

trapecia [35]

Answer:

generalization

Explanation:

7 0

3 years ago

2. What is needed from fermentation to restart glycolysis?

Shalnov [3]

How cells extract energy from glucose in the absence of oxygen. In yeast, anaerobic reactions produce alcohol, while in your muscles, they form lactic acid.

Both processes can happen thanks to alternative glucose degradation pathways that occur when normal cellular respiration that uses oxygen (aerobic) is not possible, that is, when there is no oxygen available that acts as an acceptor at the end of the transport chain of electrons. These fermentation pathways include glycolysis with a few extra reactions at the end. In yeast, the extra reactions produce alcohol; in the muscles, lactic acid.
Fermentation is a widespread route, but it is not the only way to obtain energy from fuels anaerobically (in the absence of oxygen). Some living systems use a different inorganic molecule instead of
OR
2
OR
2
I mean
start text, O, end text, start subscript, 2, end subscript, like sulfate, as the final acceptor in an electron transport chain. This process, called anaerobic cellular respiration, is performed by some bacteria and archaeas.

6 0

3 years ago

What affect does binding a gas to a hemoglobin have on homeostasis

frutty [35]

Explanation:

Haemoglobin acts as a protein buffer.

Haemoglobin- oxygen binding in the blood is part of acid-base homeostasis. The cells within the brain or CNS ensure that more oxygen is taken into the lungs at a faster rate while carbon dioxide is removed; this aids in gaseous exchange and maintaining the pH of the blood- oxygen concentrations are kept high within the blood stream as blood circulates through the body.

Blood pH levels are typically within 7.35 --7.45. it is regulated by coordinated activity controlled by the brain, and carried out by the kidneys and lungs; along with red blood cells. When the body needs more oxygen, CO2 (as waste from cellular respiration), in the blood is converted to biarbonate increasing acidity; at the same time, H released in the reaction, and buffered by haemoglobin.

-The haemoglobin undergoes reduction by oxygen, and the pH level is maintained.

Further Explanation:

A typical oxygen disassociation curve shows haemoglobin’s percentage saturation at different oxygen concentrations (partial pressures). This shows the equilibrium between oxyhaemoglobin (haemoglobin in its oxygen bound state and haemoglobin (free of oxygen molecules). The saturation generally increases with increased partial pressures of oxygen.

Haemoglobin is an oxygen binding protein comprising four iron-based peptide subunits: two α subunits and two β subunits. Each molecule of haemoglobin has the ability to bind up to four oxygen molecules at a time; this occurs via cooperative binding- meaning that with increased haemoglobin- oxygen binding at the protein haemoglobin’s subunits,(where oxygen is a ligand) there is an increase in its affinity for oxygen.

This is because there is a conformational change in the hemoglobin molecule due to the altered orientation of the protein’s secondary structures, making it easier for a second molecule of oxygen to successively followed by more O2-Haem binding until the molecule is saturated- at this point the curve plateaus- it reached its carrying limit.

Hormones bind to chemical receptors in order to cause specific changes in target cells, these lead to changes in the body's internal environment called homeostasis. It includes the thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, pineal and adrenal glands along with other regions.

Learn more about hemoglobin at brainly.com/question/5866353

Learn more about the circulatory system at brainly.com/question/10083364

Learn more about homeostasis at brainly.com/question/1601808

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5 0

3 years ago

A student wants to study the effect of adding thermal energy to a system. Which of the following experiments should the student

spayn [35]

The first one should be correct plz mark branliest!

3 0

3 years ago

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