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The Judiciary Act of 1789...
C. Allowed John Marshall to become the Chief Justice
The office of Chief Justice did not exist prior to the Judiciary Act of 1789 and established the office. This in turn allowed John Marshall to become the chief justice. The other options, while true in history, are not related to the Judiciary Act of 1789.
The answer to that question would be true
The correct answer is C. he helped inspire the American Declaration of Independence
It was John Locke who inspired the American Declaration of Independence, not Adam Smith.