Answer:
hybridization is categorized as crossing organisms that have different traits to bring together the best of each. However, this can come with some post-zygotic barriers.
Reduced hybrid viability: hybrid offspring does not survive
Reduced hybrid fertility: hybrid offspring cannot reproduce
hybrid breakdown: first generation of hybrids are viable and fertile, however, their offspring (generation 3) are sterile.
<em>it is the inflammation of joints mostly present in hands , feet and arms ..
the cause of this disease is
<u>D . autoimmune reaction ..</u>
</em>
This condition is known as a super oxide in which mutated enzyme extremely functional because it helps in production of cells .
when unstable molecules that contains oxygen and that easily react with other molecules in the cells. a build up of reactive oxygen species and cells causes damage of DNA ,RNA & protein ,which cause cell death.
super oxide refers various toxic oxygen containing free radicals such as monovalant anion O2 (negative) or that compound containing potassium super oxide KO2. reactive oxygen can cause damage to the basic building block of the cell. DNA damage can occur in the form of double stranded breaks as a result of reactive oxygen induced conversion of guanine to 8-oxo guanine.
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The guppies evolved at a rate between 3700 and 45,000 Darwin's. For comparison, artificial-selection experiments on mice show rates of up to 200,000 Darwin's while most rates measured in the fossil record are only 0.1 to 1.0 Darwin.
Guppies introduced to a low-predation environment adapted to their new environment by producing larger and fewer offspring with each reproductive cycle. No such adaptation was seen in guppies that colonized a high-predation
With each generation, more guppies passed on the gene for small spots to their offspring. The rocks became smaller. More guppies with small spots survived long enough to pass on the gene for small spots to their offspring the rocks became smaller.
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