Uniformitarianism
fossils
radioactive decay
48 million
after
The youngest age of the shale is 910 ka. According to the principle of inclusions, the shale formed before the tephra, so the tephra must be younger than 910 ka.
The correct answers are:
2. Fresh water is essential to all life on earth.
and
4. Most of earth's water is stored in the oceans
I'm assuming you mean topographic maps, in that case C. Elevation
In any particular culture, an idea or way of doing things that is common to the culture is called a cultural norm.