From the total energy that reaches the ground, 1% is used by producers. The energy transference in the trophic web follows the 10% rule, in which each level uses 10% of the energy stored by the anterior level.
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- Only 1% of the total solar energy that reaches the ground is used by producers, who occupy the first trophic level.
- From this input of solar energy, it begins a unidirectional energy flow through all the organisms in the ecosystem, from autotrophs to heterotrophs, until it is finally dissipated in the environment.
- At each trophic level, it occurs an energy transfer from one level to the next, with only 10% being usable in each of them. This assessment is called "The 10% rule".
- This is, as a general rule, only about 10% of the energy stored as biomass at one trophic level, per unit time, ends up as biomass at the next trophic level, in the same unit of time.
- The progressive reduction of energy determines the number of trophic levels (4 or 5).
If <u>30,000,000 MJ</u> of Sunlight (solar energy) reaches ground, then only <u>30,000 MJ</u> can be absorbed by primary producers.
<u>5,216.4 MJ</u> from 52,164 MJ of energy stored in the <u>soybeans</u>, are used by cattle.
1,645 MJ of energy is stored in edible beef by cattle who eat the soybeans.
<u>164.5 MJ </u>of this energy is tranferred to the following trophic level.
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Answer:
The structures that helps the plant ensure that it’s pollen is moved to other plants of the same species and that sexual reproduction will happen is the bright colored petals and sterility of carpel.
Bright colors of petals attracts the insects like bees, which helps the plant to transfer its pollen to other flower of the same species. In some plants, pollen matures earlier than its own stigma so the pollen transfer to other flowers.
The fragment and plasmid are both cut with the same restriction enzyme is the that help ensure that a new piece of DNA can be inserted inside a bacterial plasmid when the two are mixed together.
Explanation:
The gene cloning requires one of the necessary step of forming chimera in which gene or DNA sequence of interest in inserted into the plasmid of bacteria.
The gene of interest and plasmid is cut by using same endonuclease enzymes.
The endonuclease used are same because they produce fragments having same complementary ends which bond to form chimera or recombinant DNA.
The overhangs produced by endonuclease lets the gene and plasmid form base pair with each other.
If overhangs are not there DNA ligase performs the function of sealing the plasmid and gene.