I don't have an answer for you, but I do have an important hint ... one that will stand you in good stead as you go further in your mathematical studies:
The reason there's a drawing right next to this question in the book or on the homework sheet is that the question can't be answered without the drawing.
Galileo was very talented and began doing groundbreaking work but at that time, universities were conservative and his ideas were against the church beliefs. But he found the support and protection of the Medici Family to continue with his experiments and his discoveries were presented at the Medici court.
"Island ArcsIsland arcs are long, curved chains of oceanic islands associated with seismic activity and mountain-building processes at certain plate boundaries. They occur where oceanic tectonic plates collide. Along one side of these island arcs, there is usually a long, narrow deep-sea trench.At island arcs, the denser plate is subducted and is forced into the partially molten mantle under the less dense plate. The islands are composed of the extrusive igneous rocks basalt and andesite. The basalt originates most likely from the plastic mantle. The andesite originates most likely from the melting of parts of the descending plate and sediments that had accumulated on its surface.Which list identifies minerals present in andesite from the greatest percentage by volume to the least percentage by volume?
"
As the different situations and events gave rise to the seven different tectonic plates which comprises the over all structure of the planet, as there are a number of geological sites that took there shape because of the movement of the different planetary regions, layers, or the components which makes up the deep down trenches and the islands along with the different volcanic hotspots.
Mostly the subduction region is only due the movement or the sliding of the different tectonic plates which gives rise to a way different catastrophic events like the creation of the seismic way may generate the earth quakes inside the different regions.
Along, with that the different climates across the globe are also due the difference in such geological sites.
1.weathered materials from rocks and transported to the beach through wind and rivers 2.from rocks weathering and eroding over thousands and millions of years.