Explanation:
- Catastrophism is a theory developed by Georges Cuvier that states that natural history has been punctuated by catastrophic events that altered the way live developed. Gradualism is a theory that stipulates that changes of organic life and earth itself occur through gradual increments with transitions that are slow rather than periodic and rapid. Uniformitarianism suggests that the Earth's geological processes acted in the same manner in the same intensity in the past as they do in the present and that such uniformity is accountable for all the geologic change.
- Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck's theory proposes a change through use and disuse when environments changed, organisms had to change their behavior to survive, if they began to use an organ more often it would increase their lifetime and their offspring will inherit this modified organ. As these organisms adapted, nature also drove them from simple forms to increasingly complex ones.
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<span>All natural disasters affect the ecosystem. They affect lands, forests, and coasts and cause death to people, plants and animal species, the spread of invasive species, and loss of habitat. In the short term, they cause climate change but over time, there are some types of natural disasters that increase biodiversity in the long run. Examples of these are earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and wildfires. They play an important role in rejuvenating the ecosystem that they once destroyed.</span>
In this question, let us cite one specific example:
<span>1. </span><span>Volcanic eruption. The eruption has an immediate negative effect on surrounding, but through primary succession, the forest begins re-colonization almost immediately. Many plants, insects, and animal species arrive from adjacent places to take up residence. These life forms are adapted to survive in the severe conditions following volcanic eruption causing a new and more diverse forest ecosystem that will last a 150 year period.</span>
Proteome cloning
Polymorphic cloning
Plasmid cloning
Gene cloning
Genome cloning
Explanation:
plants > herbivorous insects > predaceous insects > toads.
