According to the Wikipedia, Saladin "was the first sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty." He was a Sunni Muslim, "who led his military against the Crusader states in the Levant."
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It made people believe that the British were being helped by God. With this defeat Elizabeth I was able to turn Britain into one of the most powerful nations with the best navy in the world until around 1972. Though the real reason behind the defeat was bad weather it did help Britain a lot, that's why it's considered important.
The purpose of the Albany plan of union was to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies, suggested by Benjamin Franklin. The Albany Plan of Union wanted to place the <em>British North American </em>colonies under a more centralized government.
The answer is E. The Order of the White Rose