<span>Much of our understanding of the basic structure and composition of Earth and the other planets in our solar system is not strenuously debated. We can infer a surprising amount of information from the size, mass and moment of inertia of the planets, all of which can be determined from routine astronomical observations. Measurements of surface chemical composition, either by direct sampling (as has been done on Earth, the moon, and Mars) or through spectroscopic observations, can be used to estimate elemental abundances and the degree of chemical differentiation that occurred as the planets condensed from the solar nebula. Remote observations of the gravitational field can be used to understand how a planet's mass is distributed, whereas the strength and shape of the magnetic field provides some constraint on the structure of a metallic core. The specifics of structure and composition, however, are much more debatable. And it is these details that tell us a much more extensive and ultimately more interesting story about the internal dynamics of the planets and their evolution. As a result, trying to determine them is frontier research in almost all fields of earth and planetary science.
</span>
hope that helped *smiles*
Answer: A. The genes encode resistance to antibiotics.
D. The genes are carried on plasmids
F. The "clock"genes are highly mobile between species.
Explanation:
Molecular clock is a tool that is used to calculate the time of the evolutionary events. These are the gene sequences that are used to determine the evolutionary distance between the new and primitive organisms developed on earth. It also measures the random changes just like mutation. Thus the molecular clock is also called as the gene clock or evolutionary clock.
The accuracy of the molecular clock can be increased by the genes that encode for a resistance against the antibiotics, the genes that are carried on the plasmids and the clock genes which are highly mobile among the species.
Hey I’m going on my phone and
In the f2 generation of mendel's crosses, all plants had the dominant trait,all plants had both the dominant and recessive alleles. one in four plants had two alleles for the recessive trait.
Answer:
Mafic -- the formation of the minerals begins anew upon melting.
Explanation:
Mafic minerals set at increased temperatures, which is there in Bowen's Reaction Series. Therefore, rocks collected of mafic minerals are designed at increased temperatures. They are originated in sites deep within the earth and also in tectonic dispersal environments, like the seafloor. Mafic magmas are generally formed at dispersal centers, and signify material which is recently distinguished from the greater mantle. Mutual mafic rocks comprise basalt and gabbro. Mafic rock, in geology, igneous rock that is subjugated by the silicates pyroxene, amphibole, olivine, and mica. These minerals are high in magnesium and ferric oxides, and their presence gives mafic rock its characteristic dark colour.
