Answer:
The prolonged electrical depolarization of cardiac muscle cells -that occurs during contraction- is due primarily to the persistent influx of calcium ion
Explanation:
The action potential of the heart muscle is longer with respect to skeletal muscle (around 300 milliseconds), and this is due to the activity of calcium (Ca⁺⁺ ) in the intracellular compartment.
The initial depolarization of cardiac muscle fiber depends on the entry of sodium (Na⁺) into the cell. However, for the action potential to occur and be maintained, Ca⁺⁺ must increase its cytoplasmic levels, which depends on:
- The increase in intracellular sodium induces the release of Ca⁺⁺ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
- Calcium entry from the extracellular space through the voltage dependent Ca⁺⁺ channels.
- The entry of extracellular Ca⁺⁺ causes the release of more Ca⁺⁺ ions by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, further increasing its intracellular concentration.
This is how the ion that guarantees the duration of the action potential of the cardiac muscle cell is the Ca⁺⁺.
Learn more:
Calcium, sodium and cardiac muscle cells brainly.com/question/4473795
Explanation:
Wegener used evidence of climate change to support his hypothesis. As a continent moves toward the equator, its climate becomes warmer. As a continent moves toward the poles, its climate becomes colder. But the continent carries with it the fossils and rocks that formed at its previous locations.
Answer:
1st field: linguistic intelligence
2nd field: visual-spatial intelligence
3rd field: bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
Explanation:
There is a theory called multiple intelligence theory, which suggests that there are several types of intelligence differently proportionally distributed in every person. One of them is linguistic intelligence. Persons who possess it are extraordinary at using and understanding words, written or spoken. On the other hand, persons with visual-spatial intelligence show ability to memorize images, faces, details, also, they're aware of their surroundings and find it easy to orient in new and unknown spaces. Also, there is a bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. People who possess it have great motor abilities, especially fine movements, muscle coordination, body shape and strength which makes them great in using their body movements for expressing ideas, opinions, emotions.
Ecological efficiency is the term used to describe how much energy will be passed from lower food pyramid level into the higher level. The amount of energy in primary level will be much higher than tertiary. The difference of level of tertiary(3) with primary(1) would be two level.
Assuming that the ecological efficiency is 10%, then the <span>primary consumer level would be: 50 kcal * 10^(3-1)= 5000 kcal</span>
Answer:
Lateralisation of the brain function.
Explanation:
The brain is divided into 2 parts which are: the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere.
The lateralization of brain function is the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other.
Examples of lateralised functions include:
Language, sensory processes, value systems etc.
