Answer:
<u>b. learning occurs independently of reinforcement</u>
Explanation:
Edward C. Tolman was one of the famous American psychologists who was best known for his research on 'cognitive maps', latent learning theory, cognitive behaviorism, and intervening variable.
According to Tolman, an individual has the capability of doing more than merely responding to certain stimuli, instead, he or she acts on attitudes, beliefs, strive towards specific goals, and a few changing conditions. He was considered as the only behaviorists who don't accept the "stimulus-response theory", as he believed that reinforcement wasn't required for learning.
In the question above, the correct answer is option-b.
Answer:
Kindly check explanation
Explanation:
Three different levels of government can be distinguished in most nations ; these levels include Local, State and Federal.Each level having having a certain degree of freedom and jurisdiction. The local level is closest to the citizen and lowest in terms of hierarchy as they see to district and county developments. This is followed by the state and then the highest level which is the Federal level, whose power and rule Supercedes the prior levels.
However, electing heads into this levels depending on the system of government being practiced in the country are almost similar. In a democratically controlled nation, electing a leader at the local level involves balloting and vote casting by members belonging to that particular district or are council. The state on the other hand covers a broader area, Hence, all citizens belonging to districts and councils within the state and have attained voting requirements can exercise their franchise. The federal level takes a cumulative vote cast of all states of the federation when making a decision on who becomes the federal ruler of the nation.
The correct answer is a follower.
In a group situation, an individual who adopts the follower role is someone who accepts and goes along with what his or her group members say, regardless of whether or not he or she has contributed to the group discussion. A follower might be a passive member of the group who listens to others without voicing his or her opinion on the matter being discussed.
