Finger- like projections facilitate absorption in the following ways;
a) They increase the surface area of the organ eg. small intestines to allow more area of nutrients to be absorbed. The larger the surface area the more nutrients are absorbed.
b) They contain many capillaries which helps to increase the rate of nutrients absorption in the small intestines.
Organism and organ system
<span>1 .phylum2.animals (features )
Happy studying ^_^
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Each cell expresses, or turns on, only a fraction of its genes. The rest of the genes are repressed, or turned off.
The turned on genes are then first transcribed into messenger RNA by the process of Transcription.
Then the mRNA is Translated into protein by the process called Translation.
This is how the specific genes are expressed.
Answer:
Three proteins directly contribute to the proton gradient by moving protons across the membrane
Explanation:
The Electron transport chain is a group of proteins and molecules incrusted in the internal mitochondrial membrane and organized into four complexes, I, II, III, and IV. These complexes contain the electron transporters and the enzymes necessary to catalyze the electron transference from one complex to the other. Complex I contains the flavine mononucleotide -FMN- that receives electrons from the NADH. The coenzyme Q, located in the lipidic interior of the membrane, conducts electrons from complex I and II to complex III. The complex III contains cytochrome b, from where electrons go to cytochrome c, which is a peripheric membrane protein. Electrons travel from cytochrome c to cytochromes a and a3, located in the complex IV. Finally, they go back to the matrix, where they combine to H+ ions and oxygen, to form the water molecule. As electrons are transported through the chain, protons are bombed through three proteinic complexes from the matrix to the intermembrane space. These are complexes I, III and IV.
