after the question is that the answer or yours?
'by hand' is a prepositional phrase which is functioning as an adverb phrase to explain HOW all books in Europe were once written.
Adverb phrases give additional details - like HOW something happens.
Surface currents in the ocean are driven by global wind systems that are fueled by energy from the sun. Patterns of surface currents are determined by wind direction, Coriolis forces from the Earth's rotation, and the position of landforms that interact with the currents.
Answer:
is their a picture?
Explanation:
and btw are you in 8th grade? cause i remeber doing this in 8th