Constantinople was able to survive due to its <em>strategic</em> location and <em>sofisticated</em> system of fortifications.
Constantinople was able to survive as the <em>central</em> hub of the European culture throughout the early 1000s due to its strategic location, the city was located in a strait between the Black and Mediterranean Seas, between Europe and Asia, which allowed the city to be prevented from many invaders, from Hunes to Arabs.
In addition, the city counted with a sophisticated system of fortifications which made impossible any attempt of siege until the appearance of first developments on modern artillery in the 15th Century, and the city was well communicated with the most important nations in Eastern and Western Europe by sea (i.e. Italy, Carolingian Empire, Kiev' Rus), of which the city may receive reinforcements in desperate situations.
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The reaction by Nick when Gatsby tells him about things like his time at Oxford, his medals for his service in the war, and his time living "like a young rajah in all the capitals of Europe'' was that he thaught t<span>hey impress Nick, who envies Gatsby's adventurous and eventful past.
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"There is a risk, definitely. And we are very aware of that," says Brooke Isham, director of the Food for Peace program at the US Agency for International Development (USAID). "And that is why we are always looking at the impact of food aid on local markets and whether it is depressing prices in local markets."
USAID, the UN World Food Program (WFP) and others monitor markets regularly. Etienne Labonde, head of WFP's program in Haiti, says, as of March, food aid did not cause major disruptions in Haiti's economy. "Maybe it's an impression, but it's not the facts at the moment," he says.
Low prices can lead Haiti's farmers to store rice rather than sell it at a loss.
Whether impression or fact, Haitian President Rene Preval raised the issue when he came to Washington last month. He said food aid was indispensible right after the earthquake. But, "If we continue to send food and water from abroad," he said, "it will compete with national production of Haiti and with Haitian trade."
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part 1: the 38th parallel
part 2: the united states
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Vatican II was a time of great change in the Catholic Church, as it allowed for a modernization of the entire liturgy of the church. Being Catholic, at that time, represented being modernized together with the church and this affected the entire religious life of these individuals, who from Vatican II would participate in the masses, would have a full view of the altar, heard the mass in the vernacular and would see a church more globalized and tolerant, even with women who would not need such a rigid dress during masses.
