Answer:
To Plato, ideas or forms were the abstract true shapes of the everyday things that we can directly perceive.
Explanatio:
These ideas or forms exist in a separate reality called "the world of ideas", which we cannot see. This is why Plato is labeled an "idealist", and many philosphers after him who agreed with him became part of the idealist branch of philosophy, as opposed to the materialist branch.
Plato illustrates his point with allegory of the cavern: a person lives in a cave and perceives a shape. He thinks the shape is real, but it is actually a reflection of a sort of toy that represents the shape, a toy that is being held and shown by another cave dweller who has access to fire. Thus, the first cave dweller (us) cannot see things for what they really are, only for what he perceives they are.
I will provide a picture of the allegory below that dispays this idea better.
The heliocentric model was generally rejected by the ancient philosophers for three main reasons:
1) If the Earth is rotating about its axis, and orbiting around the Sun, then the Earth must be in motion. However, we cannot ``feel'' this motion. Nor does this motion give rise to any obvious observational consequences. Hence, the Earth must be stationary.
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2) If the Earth is executing a circular orbit around the Sun then the positions of the stars should be slightly different when the Earth is on opposite sides of the Sun. This effect is known as parallax. Since no stellar parallax is observable (at least, with the naked eye), the Earth must be stationary. In order to appreciate the force of this argument, it is important to realize that ancient astronomers did not suppose the stars to be significantly further away from the Earth than the planets. The celestial sphere was assumed to lie just beyond the orbit of Saturn.
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3)The geocentric model is far more philosophically attractive than the heliocentric model, since in the former model the Earth occupies a privileged position in the Universe.
Answer:
passing laws for credit card companies to follow..
In the First Amendment, freedom of speech is expressly guaranteed, ensuring the right of citizens to assemble for any government-related purpose. Equality of association covers the actions of those gatherings and the structure of them. Examples of freedom of expression here in the United States include criticism of the government and the advancement of theories or opinions that some would perceive to be divisive. In the U.S., under the limits of the "offense principle," or the "harm principle," these types of statements are permitted. I hope this helps.