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In addition to the drain of silver, by 1838 the number of Chinese opium addicts had grown to between four and 12 million and the Daoguang Emperor demanded action. Officials at the court who advocated legalizing and taxing the trade were defeated by those who advocated suppressing it. The Emperor sent the leader of the hard line faction, Special Imperial Commissioner Lin Zexu, to Canton, where he quickly arrested Chinese opium dealers and summarily demanded that foreign firms turn over their stocks with no compensation. When they refused, Lin stopped trade altogether and placed the foreign residents under virtual siege in their factories. The British Superintendent of Trade in China Charles Elliot got the British traders to agree to hand over their opium stock with the promise of eventual compensation for their loss from the British government. While this amounted to a tacit acknowledgment that the British government did not disapprove of the trade, it also placed a huge liability on the exchequer. This promise and the inability of the British government to pay it without causing a political storm was an important casus belli for the subsequent British offensive.
<span>Virginia was the home of the first surviving English colony, Jamestown, founded in 1606. ... History of Jamestown - Describes the founding of the first permanent English settlement.</span>
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Land mines and anti tank defenses - these were on all the beaches of course - artillery guns from much further inland who were in range of the beach.
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The Northern English colonies began to differ from the Southern English colonies by 1750 in terms of government, social structure, labor and economics. The main difference was the type of economy that each region had. The Southern colonies were mostly agricultural, while the Northern colonies were more industrialized. This led to different types of labor and social structures. The government in the Northern colonies was also more centralized than the Southern colonies.
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https://www.history.com/topics/19th-century/gilded-age
Explanation:
All answers are in this link.
