Answer:
Have hard parts
Were generally large
Lived in a narrow range of geographical area
Are extinct
Explanation:
Answer:
The ability of caffeine to inhibit adenosine receptors, plays a very important role in heightened alertness and sleeplessness.
Explanation:
"<em><u>Caffeine</u></em>" (<em>1,3,7-trimethylxanthine</em>) is an alkaloid obtained from plants. It has a chemical formula of C8H10N4O2.
Caffeine is generally <em>hydrophillic</em> but sufficiently <em>lipophilic</em> to pass through all biological membranes and readily cross the blood-brain barrier.
Therefore can bind with the adenosine receptors. Due to the blocking of adenosine inhibitory effects through its receptors held by paraxanthine and caffeine, it indirectly affects the release of <u>norepinephrine, dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, glutamate</u> e.t.c.
The release of the above-mentioned hormones have a great impact on the heightened alertness of the body, especially <em>dopamine</em> and <em>serotonin</em>.
B. To orient themselves and to find food
Since they cannot see very well or even at all in some cases, these animals use echolocation instead to orient themselves, to find where they are, and to find food.
Answer:
A. VG = 80
B. Broad sense heritability = 0.80
C. Narrow sense heritability = 0.30
D. Average yield = 430 Units
Explanation:
A. Given that
VA = 30
VD = 50
VI = assumed not available
Therefore
Total genetic variance (VG) = VA + VD
= 30 + 50
= 80
VG = 80
B. Given that
VP = 100
VG = 80
Broad sense heritability, H2 = VG/VP
= 80/100
= 0.80
C. Given that
VA = 30
VP = 100
Narrow sense heritability, h2 = VA/VP
=30/100
= 0.30
D. The difference in selection = 500 - 400
= 100
Recall,
Selection response is heritability multiplied by selection differential.
That is
R = h2S
Selection differential = 100
Heritability h2 = 0.30
Selection response = 0.30 × 100
= 30units
Therefore, expected average yield = 400 + 30
= 430 Units
Elderly people are most at risk
from minor trauma that results in serious spinal cord injury because of
preexisting degenerative vertebral disorders. Males are more prone to spinal
cord injuries than females but not as a result of preexisting disorder. This
may be related to an increased involvement in contact sports or a propensity to
participate in high risk activities. Neither females nor infants are at any
particular risk for spinal cord injuries.
