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The regionalism in the United States played an essential role in composition of group and personal identity among black communities. The black people in the South were well aware of their bad social position, but they had no other choice, because any attempts to improve this situation resulted in severe punishments. However, in early 19th century, the Northern states started huge protests against slavery. In 1820 the Missouri compromise divided the country into slave states and free states. After 1820 organized groups formed ways to help slaves escape and become free in the North. Some Black people tried to escape on their own. All those events helped to form personal identity of American black community.
Noviolent Resistance or NVR is the practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, without using violence.
So I would say that the main goal of nonviolent resistance is D) that both the oppressor and the oppressed recognize their common human bond.
The electoral college was formed for the people to vote, so I would say that it is a form of indirect democracy, because the people make the decision by voting but they do not make their decision directly.