As the world has gotten more complex, the Federal government has undertaken efforts to take power away from the State governments and bring it to the Federal government for the purpose of centralized planning and to ensure that States are not abusing their power at the expense of minorities. They have done this by expanding commerce clause power (allow Congress to get involved in more than they once were) and by passing Civil Rights laws that let the Federal government get involved in state issues.
In recent memory, the States have utilized lobbying and lawsuits to push back against the Federal government. A number of States have filed lawsuits against the Federal government on issues like the Voting Rights Act and the Affordable Care Act.
For most of the 20th Century, this push has been led by Conservatives but since Donald Trump's election, liberal states are embracing the role of the State in a federalist system.
The 'balloon effect' is a well-worn analogy used by drug policy analysts to illustrate the process by which drug production is displaced across national borders in order to evade eradication and interdiction efforts<span>.</span>
Answer:
The executive branch of government primarily includes the president and his cabinet. The legislative branch of government includes the Senate and the House of Representatives. Once a bill passes through the legislative branch, it has to pass through the president before it can become law. This is how the executive branch checks the power of the legislative branch. The president can veto and cancel any bill this way. The president’s veto can only be overridden by a two-thirds majority vote in both the House and the Senate. This has only happened 106 times out of 1,484 regular presidential vetoes. If the president neither signs a bill into law nor vetoes it, the bill becomes law automatically after 10 days without a signature.
The executive branch can also call special sessions of Congress in times of emergency. The president rarely uses this power, however, and the last time was when President Harry Truman used it on July 15, 1948. This power is a check on the legislative branch because it forces Congress to meet and deal with issues when they are not convened and/or when they are potentially even avoiding convening.
Explanation:
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<span>The Privy Council is the British Crown's private council. It is composed of more than three hundred members, including cabinet members, distinguished scholars, judges, and legislators. Once a powerful body, it has lost most of the judicial and political functions it exercised since the middle of the seventeenth century and has largely been replaced by the Cabinet.
The Privy Council derived from the King's Council, which was created during the Middle Ages. In 1540 the Privy Council came into being as a small executive committee that advised the king and administered the government. It advised the sovereign on affairs of state and the exercise of the royal prerogative. It implemented its power through royal proclamations, orders, instructions, and informal letters, and also by giving directions to and receiving reports from the judges who traveled the circuits, hearing cases in cities and towns, twice a year. It concerned itself with public order and security, the economy, public works, public authorities and corporations, local government, Ireland, the Channel Islands, the colonies, and foreign affairs.
The inner circle of advisers in the Privy Council met in the royal chamber or cabinet and was therefore called the cabinet council. In the eighteenth century, the cabinet became the council for the prime minister, the leader of Parliament. The United States adopted the cabinet idea, though its legal status is not identified in the Constitution. Cabinet members are presidential advisers who serve as executive branch department heads.
The power of the Privy Council disappeared between 1645 and 1660 during the English Civil War and the government of Oliver Cromwell. It never recovered its former position. Long policy debates shifted to Parliament, and important executive decisions went to committees. In modern days members of the Privy Council rarely meet as a group, delegating their work to committees.</span>