Answer and explanation;
-The insulin receptor itself has decreased kinase activity leading to fewer binding sites for singling effectors to become activated.
Therefore; the signaling effectors are less likely to be activated.
-Additionally,, feedback inhibition decreases signaling effector binding to receptor.
-The lack of activation of these initial signaling effectors prevents any subsequent steps from happening.
-We can thus conclude this by saying that higher insulin concentrations are necessary to obtain the same level of signaling leading to physiological effects that would exist in someone without type-2 diabetes.
-Also the requirement for higher insulin concentration means that the cells that respond to insulin are resistant to its effect.
It is caused by the atmosphere of the Earth. It is due of the scattering of light by the atmosphere. When the moon is near the horizon, the moonlight must pass through much more atmosphere than when the moon is directly overhead.
Answer:
Animals are classified as being multicellular whereas protozoans are microscopic single-celled organisms.
Explanation:
