Answer:
Trench warfare in World War I was employed primarily on the Western Front, an area of northern France and Belgium that saw combat between German troops and Allied forces from France, Great Britain and, later, the United States. Although trenches were hardly new to combat: Prior to the advent of firearms and artillery, they were used as defenses against attack, such as moats surrounding castles. But they became a fundamental part of strategy with the influx of modern weapons of war.
Long, narrow trenches dug into the ground at the front, usually by the infantry soldiers who would occupy them for weeks at a time, were designed to protect World War I troops from machine-gun fire and artillery attack from the air. As the “Great War” also saw the wide use of chemical warfare and poison gas, the trenches were thought to offer some degree of protection against exposure. (While significant exposure to militarized chemicals such as mustard gas would result in almost certain death, many of the gases used in World War I were still relatively weak.)
Explanation:
Indulgences.
Essentially, what the Catholic Church decided to do was to convince its subjects that paying it in small fees would reduce the amount of time they would spend in Purgatory (think the place between Heaven and Hell). These fees were called indulgences, and people could pay to have their or their family members' years in Purgatory slightly shaved off. This, of course, allowed it to gain much money, as people's years in Purgatory sometimes numbered in the thousands, if not the <em>MILLIONS</em><em /><em /><em>. </em>
Martin Luther was angered at such a system, finding it deceptive and corrupt. He wrote and posted his Ninety-Five Theses in defence of the Church, but with disdain towards the indulgence system.<u />
The issue of slavery was a major underlying issue to the formation of the Republican party.
On May 20th, 1854, a group of politically- minded former Whigs met in Ripon , Wisconsin to talk about the possibility of forming a new political party that would focus on preventing the spread of slavery in the Western territories. The idea took off and on June 6th 1854, over 10,000 people gathered in Jackson, Michigan to establish the new party and thus the Republican party was born.
An example of violation of Enlightenment rights in Latin America under Spanish Rule is B. A rigid social class system strictly determined by birth, which granted rights to some and restricted rights from others.
There was a complex race system that asignated each individual its place in society according to its ascendency: metropolitan, colonial, indian, black, white. The other two are examples of Enlightenment rights that weren't respected until after independence.
The primary reason for establishing the new territory was that the distance to the Capital of Oregon Territory (Oregon City) was too far away to represent the citizens In what is now Washington. On August 29, 1851 the settlers met at Cowlitz Landing Where did discuss drafting a constitution.
