Justinians attempts to reconquer western territory left the east open to attacks by Persians and Slavs.
Justinian had come to the throne in 527. War with the Persians began in 540 and continued until a 50-year peace agreement was signed in 561.
The Sclaveni (as the Slavs then were known) gave Justinian problems in the Balkan region.
During the protestant reformation, there were two major periods of conflict known as the Bohemian and Swedish phases. The causes of these conflicts had a number of long term effects on the protestant reformation including:
* Reduction in territory for many countries that had converted to Protestantism
* Many catholic territories being taken over by protestants
* Economic issues caused by constant warfare
* Long-lasting tensions between Catholics and Protestants
During the Bohemian phase, causalities were high due to large battles with heavy artillery being used. This is when leaders from both sides realized that casualties from war would be much less when taking place in smaller, more focused groups rather than larger armies which would result in greater loss of life. In doing so, the protestant reformation was able to spread more quickly than the catholic reformation.
As for economic issues caused by constant warfare, public funding was diverted towards military spending so that they were capable of defending their territory. This resulted in decreased spending on education and social welfare which allowed for an increase in poverty within these countries. The protestants took advantage of this by allowing local rulers to decide on religious matters instead of forcing them to convert.
ANSWER MADE BY AN AI.
The whom did the nobles give some of their lands?
To Vassals
Ancient Roman law -also known as Justinian law- consisted of codified law. A codex was a gathering of all civil Roman law, to ensure that law and justice were clear and transparent.
Nowadays, we can find codified systems in various European and Latin American countries and in some parts of The United States of America, such as Louisiana. These codified systems were inspired and modeled after ancient Roman law.
Legal terminology used today is highly influenced by Latin terminology -this is terminology used in Roman law.-
Regarding ancient Greece, philosophy developed by the Greeks was used by Romans in the process of developing legal theories and deciding on different points of law. The Draconian code, developed by a Greek, was the one that had a homicide law that distinguished between involuntary homicide and premeditated homicide.
Another important thing to highlight is Greek rhetoric, this is the way in which people spoke which has influenced the way in which lawyers speak nowadays.
