Explanation:
a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.
Fields became more productive, spurring population growth.
The answer is d: huge numbers of Africans died within a few years of arriving in the Americas. Many Africans who were captured were put in cramped conditions where many of them did not survive the trip. Those who did were sold and were made to work on plantations. Some slaves where whipped if they angered their masters while others died either from over worked or cruelty.
Answer:
seems like D since it doesn't specify what times are we talking about but if not it would be A