3) Traditional views still held tremendous power at the onset of the scientific revolution.
Between 1921 and 1925 Adolf Hitler developed the belief that Germany required Lebensraum ('living space') in order to survive. The conviction that this living space could be gained only in the east, and specifically from Russia, formed the core of this idea, and shaped his policy after his take-over of power in Germany in 1933.
I'm going to answer in regard to France -- and I'm thinking the British example followed a similar pattern.
France continued to have a military presence in Africa as decolonization proceeded, saying this was a way to provide security. France had defense agreements with about half of the African nations. France became known as the "gendarme" (police force) of Africa.
France also maintained strong economic ties to the African continent. France imported significant amounts of raw materials and energy resources (like oil) from Africa.
So, continued military and economic ties would be two ways you could list in responding the question you posted.
Effective devices that help recall large amounts of information or lists of words that would otherwise be difficult to remember, mnemonics are endless and there are many great examples. Name of expression mnemonics are, nevertheless, the most used. In order to create an expression or word mnemonic that can help to remember a list of items, the first letter of each item in that list has to be selected and form a word or sentence with it. Often, when the sentence is strange, funny, extravagant or even surrealist it is easier to remember it.
A great example of an expression mnemonic that can help a student in an anatomy class to remember the names of the bones in the wrist is this one: Sally Left The Party To Take Cathy Home (Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate).
Another one that can help recall the names of the Great Lakes is this one: Some Mice Hate Eating Onions (Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, Ontario).
Three-fifths compromise, compromise agreement between delegates from the Northern and the Southern states at the United States Constitutional Convention (1787) that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives.