Answer:
Given:
Number of colonies on plate = 40
Amount of DNA used for transformation = 100ng
Volume of competent cells used = 100ul
Total volume = 1ml (1000ul)
Volume plated for growth = 200ul
The amount of cells transformed per 1 µg of DNA is called the transformation efficiency
(CFU is colony forming units) => (number of colonies on plate/ng of DNA plated) X 1000 ng/µg = CFU/µg of DNA
Amount of DNA used for plating = 100ng * (200/1000)
= 100ng * (1/5)
= 100/5 = 20ng
Efficiency calculation = 40 colonies / 20ng = 2 colonies/ng
(2 colonies/ng) * (1000 ng/µg) = 2000 CFU/ug DNA
Transformation efficiency = 2000 Transformants / ug DNA
= 2 x 10³ Transformants / ug DNA
Explanation:
Efficiency of transformation is highest in the 100 pg-1 ng range, so Low transformation efficiency could be because of high amount of DNA used for transformation.
We know, DNA is the main molecule by which scientists can learn about evolution by comparing the DNA structure between two different organisms.
But, in addition to DNA (which is most helpful & important) still, there are 3 molecules that can help us, They are:
1) RNA : - It is found in cytoplasm, as DNA transfers it's codes into RNA during Central dogma, it can help us in evolution studies.
2) Proteins: - Another helpful feature, into which RNA transforms in Central Dogma.
3) Pseudogenes: - It is also known as "Non-coding DNA" It is extra <span>DNA in a genome that do not get transcribed into RNA to synthesize proteins. They can also help us in Evolutionary studies.
Hope this helps!</span>
eDNA from the skin cells of a fish can be found in water
Protein synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm, specifically in the ribosomes. Proteins that are meant to be excreted, such as in the pancreas, are produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum which is a membrane studded with ribosomes. In organs that primarily function to produce and secrete proteins, there will be a larger rough endoplasmic reticulum with more ribosomes.
