<span>After release into the synaptic cleft, neurotransmitters interact with receptor proteins on the membrane of the postsynaptic cell,
causing ionic channels on the membrane to either open or close. When
these channels open, depolarization occurs, resulting in the initiation
of another action potential</span>
The first answer is the correct one
Smooth ER<span>, by contrast, is not associated with </span>ribosomes<span>, and its </span>functions<span> differ. The </span>smooth ER<span> is involved in the synthesis of lipids, including cholesterol and phospholipids, which are used in the production of </span>new<span> cellular membrane.</span>
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a process taking place in the green plants which are involved in the formation of the glucose molecule using Carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight.
The process of photosynthesis takes place in two phases:
1. Light-dependent phase
2. Light independent phase
<u>Light-dependent phase
</u>
Light-dependent phase takes place in the thylakoid membrane where the Photosystem I and II are present.
The photosystem II absorbs the sunlight of 680 nm wavelength which excites the electron of the chlorophyll. The electron moves in the photosystem and through the reaction center-exit the photosystem and enters the electron transport chain.
The electron is then transferred via the electron carriers like plastoquinone, cytochrome, and plastocyanin and is transferred to photosystem I which absorbs the light at 700 nm. From here the electron is taken by ferrodoxin and form NADH.
The electron then reaches the ATP synthase and forms the ATP molecules thus ATP and NADPH are formed in the reaction but the loss of electron in chlorophyll is fulfilled by the water molecule which on hydrolysis provides the electrons and stabilize the structure.
<u> Light independent phase
</u>
The phase during which the Rubisco enzyme binds with the carbon dioxide and forms 3-PGA. This 3 PGA is then reduced to G3P which requires the 6 ATP molecules. The G3P molecule then forms 1 molecule of glucose and the Rubp is again regenerated.
The tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
