Explanation: The Catholic Church advocated the thesis that all planets together with the sun revolve around the earth, which is a geocentric system. On the contrary, Galileo claimed that the earth, along with other planets, revolves around the sun that represents the heliocentric system. This claim is, in the period of the Middle Ages and the dominance of the Church's teaching, considered to be heresy, and all those who thought so were persecuted, imprisoned and judged.
It would be the 4th amendment. This is because the fourth amendment gives people the right against unreasonable search and seizures. This is where probable cause and the exclusionary rule come into effect!
