Answer:
1. The difference between the normal hemoglobin protein DNA sequence and the sickle cell hemoglobin DNA sequence is a base to base shift, in this case adenine (GAG) to thymine (GTG).
2. The difference affects the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing glutamic acid (Glu) with valine (Val).
Explanation:
In sickle cell anemia, a change in the DNA nucleotide sequence is observed, where adenine is substituted by thymine, whose expression is the change in the amino acid sequence of globine β, incorporating valine instead of glutamic acid. This represents a molecular mutation - point mutation - by subtitution, which corresponds to missense mutation.
<u>Normal hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT GAG GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro Glu Glu Lys Ser
<u>Sickle cell hemoglobin protein in a RBC</u>
DNA CTG ACT CCT <em>GTG</em> GAG AAG TCT
Amino acids Leu Thr Pro <em>Val</em> Glu Lys Ser
When GAG is transcribed to mRNA, the CUC codon is obtained, which codes for glutamic acid. Thymine substitution causes the DNA sequence to change to GTG, which is transcribed as CAC, the codon that encodes the amino acid valine. The <u>change from glutamic acid to valine in β-globin causes an altered hemoglobin, giving the abnormal erythrocytes observed in sickle cell disease</u>.
<span>Herbivores posses different digestive system than that of carnivores. In the course of evolution herbivory evolved with a complex digestive tract. There is no cannine teeth for herbivores. The stomach contains billions of bacteria. The intestine is 27 times longer in length than the length of its body.</span>
Heterozygous (brainly needs me to put more characters in)
Answer: dehydration synthesis reactions and hydrolysis.
Explanation:
<em>Large biological molecules often assemble via dehydration synthesis reactions, in which one monomer forms a covalent bond to another monomer, releasing a water molecule in the process. </em>
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<em>The process of splitting the bond between monomers is called hydrolysis. Since a water molecule was lost during dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis brings the water back.</em>
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