King George asked for troops to be sent to the New England colonies to maintain order after the colonists response to the Townshend Act, which taxed colonists on items and took away some of their freedoms. The Townshend Act taxed items such as tea and paper and let the British officials the authority to search the colonists' houses whenever they pleased. Obviously, the colonists did not like this and started to rebel and cause a scene, and when King George found out about this he sent troops to Boston in hopes of keeping the order and putting the colonists in line.
John Locke's enlightenment was the idea natural rights which include life, liberty, and property. The purpose of the government was to protect the natural rights. The 5th and the 14th amendment reflects his idea.
The colony south of Virginia is North Carolina
"Word of mouth" should be your answer. This question has many answers though.