Question

What events first sparked Europeans' interest in Asia and the Middle East, starting in the thirteenth century?

Answer 1

I think it was the Age of Discovery.  After the Crusades and the fall of Feudalism, the growth of towns and commerce attracted interest in other lands that began during the Crusades when they were exposed the silks and spices being traded there.  This prompted European powers to embark on journeys to establish trade routes as well as find new lands to colonize.