Why study human genetics? One reason is simply an interest in better
understanding ourselves. As a branch of genetics, human genetics
concerns itself with what most of us consider to be the most interesting
species on earth: Homo sapiens. But our interest in human
genetics does not stop at the boundaries of the species, for what we
learn about human genetic variation and its sources and transmission
inevitably contributes to our understanding of genetics in general, just
as the study of variation in other species informs our understanding of
our own.
A second reason for studying human genetics is its
practical value for human welfare. In this sense, human genetics is more
an applied science than a fundamental science. One benefit of studying
human genetic variation is the discovery and description of the genetic
contribution to many human diseases. This is an increasingly powerful
motivation in light of our growing understanding of the contribution
that genes make to the development of diseases such as cancer, heart
disease, and diabetes. In fact, society has been willing in the past and
continues to be willing to pay significant amounts of money for
research in this area, primarily because of its perception that such
study has enormous potential to improve human health. This perception,
and its realization in the discoveries of the past 20 years, have led to
a marked increase in the number of people and organizations involved in
human genetics.
This second reason for studying human genetics is
related to the first. The desire to develop medical practices that can
alleviate the suffering associated with human disease has provided
strong support to basic research. Many basic biological phenomena have
been discovered and described during the course of investigations into
particular disease conditions. A classic example is the knowledge about
human sex chromosomes that was gained through the study of patients with
sex chromosome abnormalities. A more current example is our rapidly
increasing understanding of the mechanisms that regulate cell growth and
reproduction, understanding that we have gained primarily through a
study of genes that, when mutated, increase the risk of cancer.
Likewise,
the results of basic research inform and stimulate research into human
disease. For example, the development of recombinant DNA techniques (Figure 3)
rapidly transformed the study of human genetics, ultimately allowing
scientists to study the detailed structure and functions of individual
human genes, as well as to manipulate these genes in a variety of
previously unimaginable ways.
Answer:
Option-B, C and E
Explanation:
Archaebacteria are a group of prokaryotes which can survive the extreme conditions. The archaebacteria which can survive very high temperature are called hyperthermophiles. The hyperthermophilic bacteria can survive temperature range between 70 t 125 °C observed in hydrothermal vents.
The archaea bacteria can withstand the high temperature as their membrane is adaptive. The membrane of the archaea is more stable due to the ether linkage which makes carbon less chemically reactive. The phospholipids possess a monolayer which decreases the layer fluidity and thus the unwanted movement of molecules.
The archaea also contain cyclopentane rings in the ester-linked phospholipids which allows tight pacing of the molecules which decrease the movement of solute into and out of the cell.
Thus, the selected options are correct.
There are many reasons are specific to the plant and our needs but remember this, without us modifying plants we would have been extinct thousands of years ago, everything you eat today does not exist in nature and if it does exist is either inedible, toxic, or too small to provide important nutrition.
<h3>What is grafting?</h3>
When the tissues of plants are joined together to let them continue their growth together as one, then such a practice is known as grafting.
Grafting is commonly practised in horticulture and agriculture for the growth of commercially important plants in an asexual manner.
In the process of grafting, the upper part of the combined plant is known as the scion and the lower part is known as the stock.
Thus, this could be the answer.
To learn more about grafting click here:
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<span>Is this what you were looking for?
Peristalsis the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward.</span>
