Genetic defects can be cause by any chromosome, whether an autosome or a sex chromosome.
The scientific method is a process of steps in order to get a conclusion. First, a scientist will observe something. It could be really anything. Then he/she will ask themselves a question. Like how does it do that? Or why does it do that?
Then they will form a hypothesis. This is where you will ask yourself what will be the outcome of the experiment.
Next you actually perform the experiment. If the experiment comes out as your hypothesis predicted, then you accept your hypothesis.
If not, you reject your hypothesis.
Of course, in science you just don't do one experiment. You do it multiple times and even with different circumstances.
A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria, A vacuole is a membrane-bound cell organelle. In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small and help sequester waste products. In plant cells, vacuoles help maintain water balance.
A major disadvantage with molecular phylogeny is the difficulty in making assumptions in a species with variations in their phylogenies yet
they have the same genotype. The emergence
of horizontal gene transfer has also complicated molecular phylogenetics. Making
inferences on positional homology in different organisms is also difficult and complicated.
