Answer:
Antibiotic resistance can evolved in bacterial population in the following ways:
Explanation:
- In response to constant exposure to antibiotics some members of a bacterial population develop some beneficial mutations in some essential genes that gives them survival advantage in terms of food and space over the sensitive bacterial strains and hence they are capable of out-competing the sensitive bacteria.
- This happens due to the process of Natural Selection.
- These genes are called antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria usually carry them on plasmids in form of cassettes where genes resistant to multiple drugs are incorporated. These plasmids are called the MDR or Multi-Drug Resistance Plasmids.
- These resistant plasmids can be easily transferred among bacterial populations by conjugation, transformation or transduction or direct plasmid transfer.
- The resistant genes encode for proteins that render the drug ineffective by promoting their efflux from the cells, preventing their entry into the cell, chemically modifying them such that they become non-functional or altering the target site of the drug.
Answer:
Location of the Cell Bodies Also, the cell bodies of the preganglionic neuron are located in the brain or spinal cord while the cell bodies of the postganglionic neuron are located in the ganglion. Axons of Preganglionic and Postganglionic Neurons
Answer:
The given statement is true
Explanation:
Ultimately, it is the environment which influences natural selection and thus the evolution of populations. Is it true or false
Solution
It is true that environment influences the natural selection which is mainly governed by the presence of useful resources that can support an individual. Natural selection leads to emergence of useful trait that can help an individual in adopting traits that can make him/her fit thereby causing evolution of species.
Hence, the given statement is true
Is compatable to defection or malfunction
