Answer: .OH, O2-, H2O2
Explanation:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive and unstable species containing oxygen. ROS are formed when oxygen is partially reduced, thus they are all radicals with very high reactivity, attacking membrane proteins such as ion channels etc
Examples include peroxides (H2O2), superoxide (O2-), hydroxyl radical (.OH)
Activators and repressors are transcription-control elements that are found in eukaryotic organisms. These elements function during the process of transcription, where a DNA molecule is coded onto a RNA molecule for it to be sent to ribosomes outside of the nucleus and then polypeptide chains are produced from it.
The activators and repressors control which proteins are made, which means that they can either hinder or promote certain functions in the cells of the body. Therefore, even though all of the cells have the same set of DNA, some are able to produce HCl, while others produce other substances such as insulin.
<span>Proteins are large biomolecules that are made up of long chains of building block molecules called amino acids. Each amino acid folds to form a protein with a specific cellular function.
Nucleic acid is basically DNA & RNA. DNA is the genetic information that contains all the information one needs to live. RNA stands for ribonucleic acid and has a variety of roles.
When comparing them, they actually don't look at all similar when looking at the large molecules or the 'building blocks'. But, they're both made up of mostly carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen. The elements mentioned are assembled in different ways for both Proteins & Nucleic acid. The major similarity between them is that with the protein production DNA and RNA contain all the information that a cell uses to make protein.
</span><span>Their overall interactions can be summed up by the central dogma of molecular biology:
DNA --transcription--> RNA --translation--> Proteins
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The calcium get into your body through Vitamin D.
<u>Explanation:</u>
In order to make the bones healthy, calcium and phosphorus is very essential. Calcium cannot be made by human body. The body only gets the calcium it needs, by means the food you eat, or from supplements. Vitamin D plays a major role in the absorption of calcium in human body. Calcium is a major mineral in a human body that helps in the proper working of body cells and nerves.
The quantity of the minerals like calcium, phosphorous,etc that are present in a segment of bone determines the density of bone. A percentage of 15 to 20 of calcium is absorbed from the diet that human intake. When the levels of vitamin D is low, there will be lower intake to calcium by gut. This causes the bones to become weaker.
