"Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)" can be caused by "failure of VDJ recombination".
Option D
<u>Explanation</u>:
- "SCID" is "inherited immune system disorder" which happen due to abnormalities in the response of both T and B cells which are needed for the proper functioning of the immune system.
- VDJ occurs in genetic recombination occurring in the early or developing stages of lymphocytes.
- Somatic recombination is also a part of VDJ which results in immunoglobulin's, which is "defining feature" of the immune system and the same which causes severe combined immunodeficiency.
<u>Answer</u>: Formation of a fossil.
<u>Explanation</u>:
- The fossils are formed when an organism dies and gets preserved due to some conditions.
- Since all living organisms contain a certain amount of carbon in their body when they die and, their fossil is formed the carbon present in the living organisms gets stored in the fossil as well.
- An example is the carbon film fossil which is formed due to the carbon residues left behind of soft-bodied organisms after they die.
Answer:
The electron transport chain uses the transfer of ELECTRONS between protein complexes to set up a proton gradient
The function of the proton gradient in mitochodrion it's to provide potential energy that can power ATP synthesis
The answer is B.
Explanation:
Electron transport chains transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor. The transfer of electrons aids translocation of protons across a membrane to form proton gradient that produce useful work.
The proton gradient can generate a chemiosmotic potential/proton motive force which supplies potential energy for ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.