Despotism means the excersize of absolute power especially in a cruel or opressive way.
The economy was not doing well, soldiers were coming home with horrible PTSD and after-shock, the great depression was going on, etc. :)
The national judiciary hears cases involving federal law and interstate cases. It also interprets the constitutionality of laws.
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He signed the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and sent Army troops to enforce federal court orders which integrated schools in Little Rock, Arkansas. His largest program was the Interstate Highway System. He promoted the establishment of strong science education via the National Defense Education Act.
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