Answer:
The correct option here is A) .
Explanation:
Fiscal policy is a tool which is used by a government to influence the economy , through the changes in spending and taxation ( of governments ). This policy affects the economy in both short run and long run. Fiscal policy has its effect on aggregate demand for goods and services and is very much capable of influencing savings, investment and growth in the economy through its contractionary and expansionary fiscal policies. So thus from the above information it can be said that the option A is correct.
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Answer:
D. Actions by governments rarely significantly affect business
Explanation:
Business-socciety interdependence points out how business activities impact society and how society impacts business decisions. Government actions play a significant role in business performance. For example, an increase in interest rate increases the cost of borrowing and acts as an investment disncentive. Likewise, an increase in corporation tax stifles the incentive to invest and reduces corporate profit. Other government interventions such as standards and regulations, minumum wage legislations, permits and licenses would not only reduce business profits but could make doing business very cumbersome. Also, the extent to which the government is committed to maintaining political stability could determine the extent to which invesmtent thrives in an economy.
Answer:
C. A country can specialize in producing that for which it has a comparative advantage and then trade for other needed goods and services.
Explanation:
<em>Comparative advantage</em> is simply evaluating the opportunity cost of other benefits or costs, if the country is opting to choose for a specific category of goods for production purposes.
For example, let's say US can produce 20 Television (TV) sets and 50 Air Conditioners in a month. Here, the opportunity cost of producing 1 TV set is 50/20 i.e. 2.5 Air Conditioners. Similarly, the opportunity cost of producing 1 Air Conditioner (AC) is 20/50 i.e. 0.4 TV set. Hence, US should produce Air Conditioners over TV sets as per <em>Comparative Advantage</em> concept.
Take another example, let's say UK can produce 50 Television (TV) sets and 20 Air Conditioners in a month. Hence, the opportunity cost of producing 1 TV set is 20/50 i.e. 0.4 Air Conditioner. On the other hand, the opportunity cost of producing 1 AC is 50/20 i.e. 2.5 TV sets. Thus, UK should produce TV sets over AC's as per <em>Comparative Advantage </em>model.
Hence, US should export AC's to UK and import TV sets from UK to gain from specialization and trade.
<em> In this way nations can gain from specialization and trade by making use of Comparative Advantage theory</em>.
It is to be noted that <em>Absolute Advantage model </em>of Adam Smith is also good as it highlights production of that good by a country, which it can produce in large quantities with fewer resources and minimal time than any other nation in the world. But the <em>Comparative Advantage Model </em>developed by David Ricardo considers opportunity cost and is much more refined than Absolute Advantage Model.
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