Answer:
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
Explanation:
In 1952 Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase were working with bacteriophages or phages, which are viruses that infect bacteria. They knew that a phage had an outer shell of protein and an inner core of DNA. In addition, from the electron microscope observations, they also knew that during infection the virus attacks the bacterium by its tails and introduces its genetic material into the bacterium to multiply using its metabolic machinery. They radioactively labeled two sets of phages: one with 32P (which marks only DNA) and another with 35S (which marks only proteins). In two parallel experiments, they infected bacteria with viruses marked on their DNA and with viruses marked on their proteins. The cultures were shaken with a mixer to separate the virus particles from the bacterial coatings. They then performed a centrifugation to separate the phages from the bacteria, so that the larger and heavier bacteria remain in the pellet, while the phages remain in the supernatant. They found that the radioactivity of 35S appeared in the supernatant while that of 32P appeared in the sediment, from which new radioactively labeled virus particles appeared, demonstrating that DNA was the genetic material.
Alcohol,nicotine, and caffeine.
Explanation:
Photosystems are the practical components for photosynthesis, well-defined by a specific stain association and connotation patterns, whose work is the absorption and allocation of light energy, which suggests transfer of electrons. Physically, photosystems are initiate in the thylakoid membranes. A photosystem consists of a light-harvesting complex and a reaction center. Pigments in the light-harvesting complex pass light energy to two special chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction center. Photosystem I or PS I and Photosystem II or PS II are the protein-mediated complex, and the main aim is to produce energy (ATP and
), which is used in Calvin cycle, the PSI uses light energy to convert NADP+ to
.
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