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4 years ago

Which of these best describes why water molecule is polar?

1 answer:

4 0

Water is a "polar" molecule, meaning that there is an uneven distribution of electron density. Water has a partial negative charge ( ) near the oxygen atom due the unshared pairs of electrons, and partial positive charges ( ) near the hydrogen atoms.

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Octane (C8H18) is a component of gasoline. Complete combustion of octane yields H2O and CO2. Incomplete combustion produces H2O

mestny [16]

$86.5\; \%$ of octane had been converted to carbon dioxide CO₂.

<h3>Explanation</h3>

Octane has a molar mass of

$12.01 \times 8 + 1.008 \times 18 = 114.22 \; \text{g} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1}$

1.000 gallon of this fuel would have a mass of 2.650 kilograms or $2.65 \times 10^{3} \; \text{g}$ , which corresponds to $2.65 \times 10^{3} / 114.22 = 23.2\; \text{mol}$ of octane.

Octane undergoes complete combustion to produce carbon dioxide and water by the following equation:

$2\; \text{C}_8\text{H}_{18} + 25 \; \text{O}_2 \to 16 \; \text{CO}_2 + 18 \; \text{H}_2\text{O}$

An incomplete combustion of octane that gives rise to carbon monoxide and water but no carbon dioxide would consume not as much oxygen:

$2\; \text{C}_8\text{H}_{18} + 17 \; \text{O}_2 \to 16 \; \text{CO} + 18 \; \text{H}_2\text{O}$

The mass of the product mixture is $11.53 - 2.65 = 8.88 \; \text{kg}$ heavier than that of the octane supplied. Thus $8.88 \; \text{kg} = 8.88 \times 10^{3} \; \text{g}$ of oxygen were consumed in the combustion. There are $277.5 \; \text{mol}$ of oxygen molecules in $8.88 \times 10^{3} \; \text{g}$ of oxygen.

Let the number of moles of octane that had undergone complete combustion as seen in the first equation be $x$ ( $0 \le x \le 23.2$ ). The number of moles of octane that had undergone incomplete combustion through the second equation would thus equal $23.2 - x$ .

25 moles of oxygen gas is consumed for every two moles of octane that had undergone complete combustion and 17 moles if the combustion is incomplete.

$n(\text{O}_2, \; \text{Complete Combustion}) + n(\text{O}_2, \; \text{Incomplete Combustion} ) = n(\text{O}_2, \; \text{Consumed})\\$

$\frac{25}{2} \; x + \frac{17}{2} \; (23.2 - x) = 277.5\\4 \; x = 277.5 - \frac{17}{2} \times 23.2\\x = 20.1$

Therefore $20.1 \; \text{mol}$ out of the 23.2 moles of octane had undergone complete combustion to produce carbon dioxide.

$\%n(\text{Complete Combustion}) = 20.1 / 23.2 \times 100 \; \%= 86.5\; \%$

7 0

3 years ago

What are the factors that affect the rate of dissolution

Leto [7]

The solvent, solute, and solution.

5 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Balance this equation. If a coefficient of "1" is required, choose "blank" for that box.

Kitty [74]

Answer: 2 C2H4 + 6 O2 => 4 CO2 + 4 H2O

Explanation:The coefficient are as follows: 2: 6: 4: 4

Each atom on the reactant and product side are equal.

Reactant Product

C 2x2 = 4 4x1 = 4

H 2x4 = 8 4x2 = 8

O 6x2 = 12 (4x2) + 4 = 12

7 0

3 years ago

Calculate ΔH for the reaction: C(graphite) + 2H 2(g) + 1/2 O 2(g) => CH 3OH(l) Using the following information: C(graphite) +

Alika [10]

Answer:

$\Delta H$ for the given reaction is -238.7 kJ

Explanation:

The given reaction can be written as summation of three elementary steps such as:

$C(graphite)+O_{2}(g)\rightarrow CO_{2}(g)$ $\Delta H_{1}= -393.5 kJ$

$2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)\rightarrow 2H_{2}O(l)$ $\Delta H_{2}= (2\times -285.8)kJ$

$CO_{2}(g)+2H_{2}O(l)\rightarrow CH_{3}OH(l)+\frac{3}{2}O_{2}(g)$ $\Delta H_{3}= 726.4 kJ$

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$C(graphite)+2H_{2}(g)+\frac{1}{2}O_{2}(g)\rightarrow CH_{3}OH(l)$

$\Delta H=\Delta H_{1}+\Delta H_{2}+\Delta H_{3}=-238.7 kJ$

4 0

4 years ago

G identify which substitution product is expected to be favored. explain. the product with retention of configuration is expecte

ddd [48]

The substitution product that is supposed to be favoured. The product with retention of configuration is expected to predominate slightly because the leaving group blocks the nucleophile.

<h3>What is a substitution product?</h3>

A substitution product is a product that is gotten from a reaction in which a group of reactants is replaced by another group in the reaction.

Therefore, the substitution product is supposed to be favoured. The product with retention of configuration is expected to predominate slightly because the leaving group blocks the nucleophile.

Learn more about substitution reaction below.

brainly.com/question/10143438

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4 0

3 years ago