Answer:
To move substances against a concentration or electrochemical gradient, a cell must use energy. Active transport mechanisms do just this, expending energy (often in the form of ATP) to maintain the right concentrations of ions and molecules in living cells.
Explanation:
Water and nutrients make glucose
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Answer:
D. LINE-promoted transposition.
Explanation:
Pseudogenes are traditionally defined as sequences that closely resemble known genes but do not produce a functional protein, which in many cases were actually genes, or copies of genes, degenerated by mutational processes that alter the reading frame of coding regions (ie that encode the amino acid sequence) or that interfered with the promoter elements that controlled their expression.
Pseudogenes originate by the same mechanisms as protein coding genes, followed by the subsequent accumulation of disabling mutations (e.g., insertions, nucleotide deletions, and / or substitutions) that disrupt the reading sequence in the coding regions, or lead to the insertion of a premature termination codon or the aforementioned reading frame change. However, it is believed that the transposition promoted by LINE is the main transposition responsible for the appearance of pseudogenes.
