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While the rest of the world's economy grew at an annual rate of close to 2 percent from 1960 to 2002, growth performance in Africa has been dismal. From 1974 through the mid-1990s, growth was negative, reaching negative 1.5 percent in 1990-4. As a consequence, hundreds of millions of African citizens have become poor: one half of the African continent lives below the poverty line. In sub-Saharan Africa, per capita GDP is now less than it was in 1974, having declined over 11 percent. In 1970, one in ten poor citizens in the world lived in Africa; by 2000, the number was closer to one in two. That trend translates into 360 million poor Africans in 2000, compared to 140 million in 1975.
In The Economic Tragedy of the XXth Century: Growth in Africa (NBER Working Paper No. 9865), authors Elsa Artadi and Xavier Sala-i-Martin review both the deteriorating economic status of the African continent and the ways in which rich nations, as well as the African nations themselves, might help the poor nations of the continent.
Using the robust econometric determinants of economic growth in a cross-section of countries, the authors pinpoint the most important factors behind the tragedy. The first culprit has been the lack of investment. Over the past 40 years the investment rate in Africa has fallen. Since 1975 the investment rate has declined to 8.5 percent for the whole continent, compared to investment rates for the average-performing OECD economy of between 20 and 25 percent, and for East-Asian economies of 30 percent. Furthermore, most of the investment was skewed in the direction of the inefficient public sector. Recent reforms in Africa have raised the investment rate, but only slightly.Explanation:
According to the historical findings, the oldest human remains found in the Americas has been identified in the region of Mexico and appears to be related to the Japanese.
- This is because the oldest human remains were found in Santa Rosa Island in California which is the region of Mexico.
- This body was later named the Arlington Springs Man who lived around 13 thousand years ago.
- These findings were made through carbon dating.
- It was believed that the man came from the Siberia part which is closer to the modern-day Japanese territory.
Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the oldest human remains found in the Americas have been identified in the region of Mexico and appear to be related to the Japanese.
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Answer:
Option 2 is correct.
Explanation:
Olivia goes above and beyond by running for legislature/.
On February 14, 1864, Union General William T. Sherman arrives in Meridian, Mississippi during a winter campaign that served as a precursor to his March to the Sea campaign that happened in Georgia. The Mississippi campaign was the first attempt of the Union at total warfare.<span> </span>
Answer: Answer of 1st question
The Shay's Rebellion was a movement by the farmers of Massachusetts led by the Danial Shay who was American Revolutionary War vet.
The fight between the rebellion and the government army was limited in the Springfield. The rebels attacked the Springfield Armory in 1787 to seize the armory, but it was an unsuccessful attempt.
Basically, the protest was against the economic and civil right injustice. The Shay's rebellion demanded the more power to the central government and to form a new government.
Moreover, the reason behind for sparking off the Shay's rebellion was also the demand of Constitutional convention. There was a week national government under the Articles of Confederation. Because after getting the independence from the British monarchy, the founder fathers were not willing to form a type of central government which would held power more than the states. There was a fear of monopoly of power by the central government which would be same experience like as the British rule. So for this thinking the national government was weak under the Articles of Confederation.
Answer of 2nd question
There was a week national government under the Articles of Confederation. Because after getting the independence from the British monarchy, the founder fathers were not willing to form a type of central government which would held power more than the states. There was a fear of monopoly of power by the central government which would be same experience like as the British rule. So for this thinking the national government was weak under the Articles of Confederation.
Explanation:
