The navigator who wanted to reach Asia by sailing west from Europe was "Christopher Columbus," since it was unknown at this time that the land that would soon be known as the New World lay in the way.
Brown v Board of Education. This was the reason segregation was against the law
I believe it is A. he was a black loyalist who fought for the British, so that one makes the most sense to me.
Enforcement of rules limiting personal freedom
This person's ability to bring people together and gain respect will allow him to execute his philosophy. Being he believes that personal freedom should be limited this will create an environment of totalitarianism.