To smell and feel surfaces and sense temperatures
B. Being Biased as scientists want concrete facts that haven't been influenced by bias or outside forces.
Answer: It is approximately the membrane potential at which the electrochemical gradient for Na+ is zero.
Explanation:
The charge in plasma membrane occurs with diffusion and electric fields.
For example, if there are two solutions, let's assume solution X and Solution Y are separated by a porous barrier (to diffuse in equal proportions).
The fundamental principle of diffusion states that solution from a high concentration diffuses to a lower concentration.
For instance, if the X solution contains 40 sodium ions and 40 chloride ions, the Y solution only has 30 sodium and 30 chloride ions. Due to the diffusion, these two solutions will mix and reach a steady-state.
The like charges repel, and opposite charges attract.
Biological dyes work by adhering to various biological parts. Different dyes adhere to the different constituents of the cellular membranes, other attach to the proteins, carbohydrates, or lipids.
Some dyes are specific to the cell, and attach to the constituents of those specific cells only.
