Answer:
Oxygen is being released through the Stomata
Option (A)
 
        
                    
             
        
        
        
Answer:
Mitochondrial DNA.
Explanation:
Mitochondria is known as the power house of the cell and one of the important organelle responsible for the production of energy. Mitochondria contains its own DNA.
To understand the maternal ancestor history, the mitochondria DNA  must be studied. The mitochondria is solely obtained from the mother as the egg contains large amount of cytoplasm that contains mitochondria. The mitochondria can never be inherited from paternal origin as the sperm contains few amount of cytoplasm and mitochondria. 
Thus, the answer is mitochondrial DNA. 
 
        
             
        
        
        
Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity are biogeographic patterns that quantify the ways in which taxonomic, phylogenetic, functional, genetic, or phenetic biodiversity change with latitudinal position on the surface of the earth.
        
             
        
        
        
The layers and structures the needle passed through are- epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer or hypodermis, connective tissue layer and muscle. 
The epidermis is the outermost layer of the three layers that make up the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis. The connective tissues connects, binds and separates other tissues or organs. Muscles are soft tissues found in the body. They function to produce force and motion.