Answer:
Explanation:
T cells are arguably the most important cells in immunity, as they are required for immune responses. They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells. As dramatically demonstrated in AIDS patients, without helper T cells we cannot defend ourselves even against many microbes that are normally harmless.
Answer:
The charges inside and outside of the neuron before receiving a stimulus are negative and positive, respectively, which corresponds to the transmembrane rest potential.
Explanation:
Neuron is the specialized cell of the nervous system in charge of transmitting electrical impulses. The generation of a nerve impulse in the form of an electric current is due to a change in the transmembrane potential.
<u>Outside the neuron cell, electrical charges are predominantly positive, and the ion with the highest concentration is sodium. In the intracellular space, a great quantity of proteins provide negative charge, and there is a predominance of potassium ions</u>. Under these conditions, the ionic channels are closed.
For this reason, a neuron at rest, before receiving a stimulus, presents positive charges on the outside and negative charges on the inside, and the membrane potential in this condition is estimated at a value of -65 mV.
Once a stimulus is produced, the ionic channels open and Na+ ions enter the cytoplasm, exchanging them for K+, which implies a change in the membrane potential which, on reaching the threshold, produces an action potential and the nerve impulse is produced.
The correct answer is carbon dioxide and oxygen
Answer:
About 23 percent of incoming solar energy is absorbed in the atmosphere by water vapor, dust, and ozone, and 48 percent passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed by the surface. Of the 340 watts per square meter of solar energy that falls on the Earth, 29% is reflected back into space, primarily by clouds, but also by other bright surfaces and the atmosphere itself. About 23% of incoming energy is absorbed in the atmosphere by atmospheric gases, dust, and other particles. The remaining 48% is absorbed at the surface
The rotator cuff tendons enclose the shoulder joint on all sides except on the bottom side, which partly explains the nature of most shoulder dislocations.
Rotator cuffs are a type of tendons that surround the shoulder and help in keeping the upper arm in its location and also attached to the shoulder joint. The upper arm is connected at the socket of the shoulder.
Shoulder dislocation is the injury where the upper arm is dislocated from its exact location of the socket of shoulder joint. This can also cause damage to the ligaments. Shoulder dislocation can be of three types: anterior, posterior and inferior.
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