1 hormones
2 external stimuli
The plant cells communicate across cell walls through Plasmodesmata.
how do plant cells communicate across cell walls?
- Between tiny channels woven through the walls of neighboring plant cells, plant cells can communicate with one another through channels referred to as plasmodesmata.
- These channels enable chemicals to move freely between cells, allowing plants to grow regularly and form tissues and organs.
- However, plasmodesmata also act as entryways that viruses can employ to infect an increasing number of cells.
- Given these advantages and disadvantages, plants must balance the permeability of their plasmodesmata in order to move materials from one cell to another while preventing the spread of infection.
Learn more about the Plasmodesmata with the help of the following link:
brainly.com/question/6220658
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Answer:
Nowadays energy generation heavily relies on fossil fuels causing environmental challenges. The global biofuels supply has increased by a factor of 8% since 2010, but only comprises 4% of the world’s transport fuels in 2015. The development of next generation of biofuel becomes increasingly important due to the depletion of fossil fuels and in the meantime to overcome challenges for current biofuels production – high cost and low efficiency. The biological production of lipid droplets in oleaginous microorganisms like microalgae, yeast, fungi, and bacteria becomes a promising path to the next generation of biofuels.
The lipid droplet (LD) is a cellular organelle that consists of a neutral lipid, mainly of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and cholesteryl esters, cored with a monolayer-phospholipid membrane and associated proteins. Lipid droplets widely exist in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, could be collected and extracted for biofuel manufacturing. However, this technology is now limited in lab research. Methods to improve the lipid droplet production in oleaginous microorganisms, biomass pretreatment, lipid droplet extraction, industrial scalability are still under development. The experience of liposome manufacturing provides us a solid ground for lipid droplet studies and helps our clients move to a further step of new biofuel development.
Explanation:
https://www.creative-biostructure.com/Lipid-Droplets-Biofuel-Supply-626.htm
Answer:
In animals, oxygen combines with food in the cells to produce energy for daily activity and then gives off carbon. The carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide (CO2) and is released back into the atmosphere as a waste product when animals breathe and exhale.
